The University of Denver and University of Colorado lecturer said positioning (competitive difference), promise (benefit), performance (confirmation), personality (relevant image, emotion) and permanence (strategic consistency) are the brand's five Ps that must form the basis of a brand willing to take on this century's challenges.
Strong brand message
He pointed out that commercial ads must be emotional and dependable enough to send a strong message about the brand. Failure to do so, he warned, may render many brands emotionally flat, dull, boring and therefore confusing.
"Keep in mind that a brand is intangible, organic (must be nurtured and fed), and its perception result from a bundle of 'brand' experiences. Also keep in mind that awareness, consistency, image, association and position are the links that create a customer-brand relationship.
"I know that you know it, but do you practise it?" he asked.
Prof Duncan teaches at the Daniels College of Business (Denver) and at the School of Journalism and Mass Communications in Colorado.
"Emotion is very important. Companies successful in creating functional and emotional bonding have 84% chance (vs 30%) to retain their customers and 82% chance (vs 16%) of success at cross-selling," he said, quoting from the Ogilvy findings on Annual BrandZ loyalty survey.
Unpacking what he called the 'Bill of Customers' Rights', he said: "Respecting customers' rights is a strong emotional message. Customers have the right to contact a company 24/7, and be able to talk to a company representative with enough authority to make a decision."
He launched a scathing attack on companies that send junk mails and spam emails to customers, and make 'intrusive' phone calls to their customers.
Still lecturing on the Bill of Customers' Rights, he said: "Customers are right 95% of the time. For the other 5%, they have the right to a sensitive and empathetic explanation of why they are not right."
"You know what a brand does for an organisation?," he asked. "It creates brand equity (corporate brand and product equity), communicates 'brand' information, protects investment in research and development, adds value to physical product, and transforms organisations and products."
Furthermore, Prof Duncan reminded businesses about the need to create a message strategy that includes a mission which demonstrates good corporate citizenship, and then be able to market that mission.
"Every business should begin with a mission. If done properly, sales and profit will follow," he said, quoting from Peter Drucker. "Corporate social responsibility is what separates a company from a brand," he added.
Prof Duncan said there should be a difference between cause marketing and mission marketing. He explained: "Cause marketing has low impact on corporate culture, is seldom product-related, has a short-term competitive advantage, is local, adds value to customers, and is exploitive of current events."
On the contrary, he said mission marketing enriches corporate culture, has integrity, is product-related, is corporate-driven, is related to experience, is global, and adds value to all stakeholders.
On managing the brand, he said CEOs have the duty to champion brand promotion and optimisation. "CEOs who do not properly manage their brands are neglecting their fiscal responsibility," he said.
"Ensure strategic consistency with your brand. Have one voice and one look, have a brand vision because it provides consistency, manage customers expectations not customers themselves (use a customer-friendly CRM). Meeting expectations adds values but exceeding expectations generates referrals," he advised.
Always remind yourself of the four types of brand contacts, he said, citing marketing communication, intrinsic, stakeholder-created and the unexpected.
"All the communicators have the duty to identify all the negative messages about the brand, and sit down with complainants to solve problems."
He said brand needs to be nourished and fed. "If you do it in the right way, there is no way the brand is going to die. Everything an organisation does, or sometimes does not do, can send a brand message," he concluded.
